Program overview

Our Enterprise Engineering Working Conference starts on Monday, mostly dedicated to our Doctoral Consortium. On Tuesday we have the Keynote Lecture as well as the conference’s paper sessions starting, continued on Wednesday and Thursday. Being our conference a “Working” one, we have several slots dedicated to Forum presentations and Workshops, taking place all 4 days of the conference, reporting on current projects, tools and initiatives of our community.
The list of accepted papers and posters (including titles, authors and abstracts) to be presented is available after the table below containing the program overview.

Doctoral Consortium Sessions – titles and authors

• DC Session 1 – Upgrading DEMO / PSI Transactions to Asynchronous and Distributed Networks with: Multi-Actor Roles; Improved Expressiveness; more Flexibility with Incomplete Requests; and Handling Change in Cascade of Transaction
   by Duarte Gouveia
• DC Session 2 – Understanding Architecture Principles as Working Mechanisms and Patterns
   by Mark Paauwe
• DC Session 3 – Proposing an Enterprise Architecture Approach for GIS Projects
   by Yemna Sayeb
• DC Session 4 – A Process-Oriented Governance, Risk, and Compliance Management
   by Marek Skotnika
• DC Session 5 – Combining DEMO with other modelling techniques
   by Mark Mulder

Accepted Papers – titles and authors

(Abstracts of these papers are available below)

• Paper 1 – The Institutional Logic of Harmonization: Local versus Global Perspectives
  by Maximilian Brosius, Stephan Aier, Kazem Haki and Robert Winter
• Paper  2 – Systems Approaches in the Enterprise Architecture field of research: A Systematic Literature Review
  by Jarkko Nurmi, Mirja Pulkkinen, Ville Seppänen and Katja Penttinen
• Paper  3 – Conceptualizing DEMO business transactions with Blockchain HyperLedger Composer to enable Traceability and Control
   by Diogo Silva, Sérgio Guerreiro and Pedro Sousa
• Paper  4 – On Teaching Enterprise Modelling
  by Henderik Proper, Marija Bjeković and Stijn Hoppenbrouwers
• Paper  5 – Affordance-driven Software Architecture
  by Ondrej Dvorak, Robert Pergl and Petr Kroha
• Paper  6 – DEMO As A Tool of Value Co-Creation Strategy Realization
  by Pavel Malyzhenkov and Eduard Babkin
• Paper  7 – Enterprise Engineering in Business Information Security; A case study in Security, Risk and Compliance artefact engineering
  by Yuri Bobbert and Hans Mulder
  
• Paper  8 – Exploring a Role of Blockchain Smart Contracts in Enterprise Engineering
  by Barbora Hornáčková, Marek Skotnica and Robert Pergl
• Paper  9 – Understanding Architecture Principles as Working Mechanisms and Patterns
  by Mark Paauwe
• Paper  10 – Colored Petri-Net for Implementing DEMO/PSI Transactions for N Actor Roles (N>=2)
  by Duarte Gouveia and David Aveiro
• Paper  11 – Validating the DEMO Specification Language
  by Mark Mulder
• Paper  12 – Modeling the system described by the EU General Data Protection Regulation with DEMO
  by Duarte Gouveia and David Aveiro

Accepted Posters – titles and authors

(Abstracts of these posters are available below)

• Poster  1 – Case Study of Print Service Provider Activities: DEMO Methodology in Practice
  by Cosmina Chise and Jennek Geels
• Poster 2 – Cognitive Information Systems and Enterprise Engineering
  by Dóra Philipp and Bálint Molnár

Forums – titles and abstracts

• 1 – Enterprise Governance
  Abstract: Geographical Information System [GIS] is a computer system capable of capturing, storing, checking, integrating, manipulating, analyzing and displaying data in digital form related to the position of the earth surface. Nowadays, GIS is an indispensable tool in resource management, emergency planning, crime analysis, public health, land records management, precision farming, and many other fields. GIS development has grown in line with the rapid development of technology during the past decades and has expressed specific challenges in storage and spatial data analysts.

  When organizations implement GIS systems in an unorganized and unplanned manner it creates many problems for future system growth.  We believe that applying Enterprise Architecture artifacts and standards in GIS domain can enhance a GIS system with better control of the evolution of the GIS, and by reducing the complexity and increasing the degree of its adequacy vis-à-vis of the Organization’s strategy. In fact  Enterprise Architecture is defined as “a coherent whole of principles, methods, and models that are used in the design and realization of an enterprise’s organizational structure, business processes, information systems, and infrastructure”.

  Speaker: Yemna Sayeb

• 2 – Atlas tool
  Abstract: The design of real organizations is an asynchronous and distributed process, involving many actors and many dimensions of concerns, without formal mechanisms of communication between the different designers. This happens practically in all organizational domains (e.g., business, systems, technologies). In this context, it is a real challenge for an organization to produce a preview of the organization´s TO-BE, according to the multiple designs and ongoing initiatives.

  This difficulty has a substantial impact on the ability to plan organizational transformation initiatives and, consequently, has an impact on the costs, time and risks of achieving the actual transformations.

  Link Consulting’s IT-Atlas solution, while focused on IT, is an Enterprise Cartography tool that enables the preview organization´s TO-BE based on an asynchronous and distributed design process. In the session, we present the Cartography principles and how the IT-Atlas tool supports them. This research was supported by the Link Consulting’s project IT-Atlas (nº 11419, under the IAPMEI, 2020 Portuguese PO CI Operational Program).

  Speaker: Pedro Sousa

• 3 – Enterprise Design
  Abstract:The increasing volatility and complexity of business models call for a fast and yet robust approach to continuous transformation. Enterprise Design is an emerging and practice-driven response for generating and implementing business models, while integrating innovative and disruptive Information Technology. At a limited scale, practical experience has been gained in several industry environments. In this session we will collaborate to establish a research program to further enhance, develop and mature Enterprise Design.
  

  During this 1/2 day Industry-meets-Academia session on Enterprise Design, we will do the following:

  • have a walk-through of the Enterprise Design approach,
  • explore with you as academic community the strengths and weakness of this approach, and
  • seek opportunities for further research collaboration with industrial relevance.

  Session lead: Martin Op ‘t Land (Capgemini, University of Antwerp)

  Team members: Han van der Zanden (Shell) and Olaf Kruidhof (European Agency).

• 4 – ACET
  Abstract: In this session, we will provide an overview of the key findings of a multi-year, multi-project, and multi-case research project concerning the use of enterprise architecture to coordinate diverse perspectives in enterprise transformations. The project was conducted jointly by the University of St. Gallen in Switzerland, LIST in Luxembourg, and the Radboud University in the Netherlands. The programme involved ten PhD researchers and six senior researchers. The results of this programme have been summarized in a book, which has recently been published in Springer’s Enterprise Engineering series. The results comprise both theoretical as well as (real world) empirical insights.

  After giving this overview, we will, based on the insights from the project, provide some  on the existing set of theories for enterprise engineering as has been published on https://www.researchgate.net/project/Enterprise-Engineering-Theories in particular in terms of the (to be published) sigma theory.

  Suggestions for possible extensions / refinements

  Speakers: Stephan Aier and Erik Proper

• 5 – ValCoLa
  Abstract: This session presents the state of progress in the ValCoLa (value co-creation language) project. ValCoLa is a bilateral research project that aims to provide a modelling framework for capturing and supporting value co-creation. The involved research partners in the ValCoLa project are the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) and the University of St. Gallen (Switzerland). Besides presenting the conceptual foundation as well as current results on the modelling framework’s design, we will share challenges and opportunities. Specifically, we will discuss the necessity of such modelling framework in the analysis and design of value-aware information systems and their contemporary instances such as digital platforms. We will also illustrate the potential use of the ValCoLa modelling framework in the smart (electricity) grid domain

  Speakers: Haki Kazem and Iván Razo-Zapata

• 6 – DEMO Tooling
  Abstract: In this forum, we would like to map the current state of the DEMO tooling — participants are welcome to present their projects in any stage from production to ideas. Any tool that has something to do with DEMO is relevant for the forum: drawing tools, BPM tools, CASE tools, learning tools, etc. Also, we are not possibly limited to software tools. We are interested in sharing experience with various tools and solutions.Please register your talk in this sheet.

  Session lead: Robert Pergl

Workshops- titles and abstracts

• 1 – OntoUML & DEMO
  Abstract:The goal of the working session is to continue with the efforts to soundly relate DEMO and UFO ontologies. During the session, Tatiana will summarize the current state of the work and the open research question raised in the last year. We will jointly discuss them during the session and try to solve them, while possibly opening another ones.

  Session lead: Tatiana Poletaeva

• 2 – Smart cities and interoperability
  Abstract:Description: Most cities could benefit from a more intelligent infrastructure, but even when city officials pursue improved operations and expanded smart city functionality, they often find additional expertise is needed to develop and deploy new technology.

  However, it is easy to get caught up in the technologies that make smart cities work and forget they need to be interoperable and to architect their operations.

  In this session we will discuss about smart interoperability and the ability to use dynamic enterprise engineering techniques in the context of smart cities. In particular, we will share insights into why these qualities are is critical for smart cities success.

  Session leads: Wided Guédria and Hervé Panetto

• 3 – Fact Based Modelling and EE
  Abstract:Fact-Based Modelling (and ts variations, such as NIAM, ORM, FCOIM, BRM, PSM, etc). Traditionally, FBM was used for the development of information models for database design. Meanwhile, FBM is used as a general modelling approach to create conceptual models for different purposes, including database design, business rules, ontologies, as well conceptual underpinning of models in more domain specific languages (such as ArchiMate, DEMO, etc).
  

  It is no secret that Fact-based Modelling (FBM) and DEMO have common roots, while the communities also have an overlap. The goal of this session is to discuss possible future collaboration.

  We will kick of the session by briefly (1) highlighting the “common DNA” of FBM and DEMO, in terms of fact orientation and speech-act theory, (2) discuss the current version of the FBM manifesto, while relating it to the EE manifesto. This then provides a shared ground to discuss closer collaboration / integration within a broader EE context.

  Session leads: Stijn Hoppenbrouwers and Erik Proper

• 4 – Community Brainstorm on Future of EE
  Abstract: This working session actually covers two sessions on the same topic. The goal is to share views on how to best grow the EE community, its focus, the role of the CIAO! Network within it, relations to other communities, etc. Since we expect lively discussions on this topic, two sessions are planned. A first one on Tuesday, which we can use to share and voice concerns, desires, etc, regarding the future of EE, as well as possible suggestions towards the future. During the next days of EEWC 2018, we can let these observations “sink in”. The second session, on Thursday will then aim to gather a possible course towards the future for EE.

  Session leads: David Aveiro and Robert Pergl

Accepted Papers and Posters – titles, abstracts and authors

• Paper 1 – The Institutional Logic of Harmonization: Local versus Global Perspectives
  Abstract: Perspectives in organizations differ to which extent information systems (IS) should be tailored towards local (e.g., business unit) needs or toward organization-wide, global goals (e.g., synergies, integration). For contributing to overall IS performance success, the harmonization of different perspectives becomes essential. While many scholars have highlighted the role of IS management approaches, institutional studies argue that harmonization is not solely the result of managerial action, but a consequence of institutional pressures that guide organizational decision-making. In the paper at hand, we follow the call for adopting institutional theory on the intra-organizational level of analysis and study the logic of attaining harmonization along institutional pressures. By means of a revelatory case study, we find harmonization attained in a dynamic interplay between different institutional pressures. Mimetic pressures influence normative pressures, which in turn influence coercive pressures. Our findings as well as our implications for enterprise engineering guide prospective research in studying the attainment of harmonization through an institutional lens.
  Authors: Maximilian Brosius, Stephan Aier, Kazem Haki and Robert Winter

• Paper  2 – Systems Approaches in the Enterprise Architecture field of research: A Systematic Literature Review
  Abstract: This study explores the use of the systems approaches (systems thinking and systems theories) as the theoretical underpinnings for Enterprise Architecture (EA) research. Both the academic and the practitioner communities have main-tained an interest in EA, due to its potential benefits, promising for the recent technological and business advances. EA as a research area is, however, charac-terized by diversified views depicted in different definitions given to the concept, and no acknowledged common theoretical foundation. A number of prior studies have noticed this gap in the field of EA, and called for scholars to strengthen the theory of enterprise architecture. Various systems approaches have been suggest-ed as a theory base for EA. We contribute with a systematic literature review on the state-of-art of systems approaches in EA research. We find that the systems approaches indeed are frequently referred to in the EA studies. However, as of yet, the application of these theories appears to be fragmented, and the approaches are rarely systematically used in empirical studies. We discuss the findings, re-flecting to the types of theory and the use of theory in our area of research.
  Authors: Jarkko Nurmi, Mirja Pulkkinen, Ville Seppänen and Katja Penttinen

• Paper  3 – Conceptualizing DEMO business transactions with Blockchain HyperLedger Composer to enable Traceability and Control
  Abstract: Lack of traceability and control is a problem nowadays identified by industries. There are many situations that prove the existence of this problem: lack of trust between actors, lack of information about defected products within business transactions, exception handling, actors performing workarounds and not conforming prescriptions, \emph{etc}.
  To tackle this problem, we consider knowledge from (i) DEMO, an Enterprise Ontology that models business transactions and human interactions on organizations, and (ii) Blockchain, a technology that eliminates the need of intermediaries, provides trust among the actors and traceability over business transactions. HyperLedger Composer (HC) is a toolset example to develop Blockchain applications.
  This paper relates and integrates concepts between DEMO business transactions and HC, then applies the conceptualization to a context of business transactions supporting food supply and distribution.
  Moreover, an initial prototype implementation, supported on HC with two-clients using a user interface, shows traceability and control capabilities.
  Authors: Diogo Silva, Sérgio Guerreiro and Pedro Sousa

• Paper  4 – On Teaching Enterprise Modelling
  Abstract: This paper is concerned with the teaching of enterprise modelling. It can be observed how enterprise models play an increasingly important role in society. In our view, the increased use of, and even increased dependence on, enterprise models, also makes it important to teach people how to model well. The aim of this paper is therefore twofold. Firstly, it aims to identify key chal- lenges in teaching enterprise modelling. Secondly, it also aims to provide the humble beginnings of a strategy to teach enterprise modelling, meeting these challenges. Both are rooted on a theoretical perspective of modelling, as well as practical experiences. We also reflect on the need for future experimentation and theoretical underpinning of the suggested teaching strategy.
  Authors: Henderik Proper, Marija Bjeković and Stijn Hoppenbrouwers

• Paper  5 – Affordance-driven Software Architecture
  Abstract:Nowadays, the pace of technology innovation and disruption accelerates. This poses a challenge of transforming complex functionalities of enterprise systems to a new technological environment. In this paper, we explain how enterprise engineering tao-theory and beta-theory may help to manage the relationship between system function and its construction (F/C), thus facilitating changing technology challenges more rigorously and efficiently. We introduce the notion of Affordance-Driven Architecture (ADA) and its simplified version Objectified Affordance-Driven Architecture (O-ADA), which together with the so-called Semantic Descriptions represent a software-engineering approach enabling reasoning about users and their purposes versus components and their properties. Our experiments show that engineering methods based on these theories may increase reusability of code and improve important metrics such as costs, time reduction and error rate decrease, especially when switching to a new technology. We also discuss existing approaches related to ADA and O-ADA.
  Authors: Ondrej Dvorak, Robert Pergl and Petr Kroha

• Paper  6 – DEMO As A Tool of Value Co-Creation Strategy Realization
  Abstract: Value co-creation is a new notion in contemporary business practice which also becomes one of the key marketing concepts. The success of co-creation value strategy is based on the DART (dialogue, access, risk-benefits and transparency) concept which is emerging as the basis for interaction between the consumer and the firm. Still, the problem of lacking of formalized approach towards the representation of DART mechanism remains. So, the aim of the present paper is to describe the formal approach based on DEMO methodology tools oriented to the attempt of value co-creation process modelling.
  Authors: Pavel Malyzhenkov and Eduard Babkin

• Paper  7 – Enterprise Engineering in Business Information Security; A case study in Security, Risk and Compliance artefact engineering
  Abstract:Implementing and maintaining Business Information Security (BIS) is cumbersome. Frameworks and models are used to implement BIS, but these are perceived as complex and hard to maintain. Most companies still use spreadsheets to design, direct and monitor their information security improvement plans. Regulators too use spreadsheets for supervision. This paper reflects on ten years of Design Science Research (DSR) on BIS and describes the design and engineering of an artefact which can emancipate boards from silo-based spreadsheet management and improve their visibility, control and assurance via an integrated dash-boarding and reporting tool. Three cases are presented to illustrate the way the artefact, of which the realisation is called the Securimeter, works. The paper concludes with an in-depth comparison study acknowledging 91% of the core BIS requirements being present in the artefact.
  Authors: Yuri Bobbert and Hans Mulder
  

• Paper  8 – Exploring a Role of Blockchain Smart Contracts in Enterprise Engineering
  Abstract: Blockchain (BC) is a new technology that introduces a decentralized, replicated, autonomous and secure databases. Smart contract (SC) is a transaction embedded to blockchain that contains executable code and its own internal storage, offering immutable execution and record keeping. Enterprise Engineering (EE) examines all aspects of organizations from business processes, informational and technical resources, to organizational structure. Therefore, blockchain and smart contracts have been subject of interest concerning the discipline of Enterprise Engineering (EE) and how they can be used together.In this paper, principles for creating smart contracts from DEMO models are described and a software architecture of an IT system based on EE integrating smart contracts is proposed. Finally, a proof-of-concept implementation of a smart contract of a mortgage process using a DEMO methodology was developed, to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed concepts
  Authors: Barbora Hornáčková, Marek Skotnica and Robert Pergl
  

• Paper  9 – Understanding Architecture Principles as Working Mechanisms and Patterns
  Abstract: This paper is the introduction of an alternative way of formulating architecture principles as part of the field of enterprise architecture. This new way of formu-lating is aimed at producing more effective architecture principles than enterprise architects are currently producing. This alternative way of formulating architec-ture principles aligns with practices in physics and building architecture. Archi-tecture principles need to be made much more effective because in it lies the add-ed value of working with enterprise architecture: using principles to guide the de-sign and realization of enterprise wide solutions compliant to stakeholders re-quirements. This paper shows the intermediate results of an ongoing research on architecture principles.
  Authors: Mark Paauwe

• Paper  10 – Colored Petri-Net for Implementing DEMO/PSI Transactions for N Actor Roles (N>=2)
  Abstract: This works proposes a colored Petri-Net for implementing DEMO/PSI Transactions. It is based on previous works by the community and on requirement clarifications that happened on a working session on 2017 Enterprise Engineering Working Conference. The solution was designed taking into consideration an asynchronous and distributed system. It also introduces the possibility of using the DEMO/PSI transaction with more than two actor roles.
  Authors: Duarte Gouveia and David Aveiro

• Paper  11 – Validating the DEMO Specification Language
  Abstract: The Design and Engineering Method for Organisations (DEMO) is the principal methodology in Enterprise Engineering (EE). The Design and Engineering Method for Organisations Specification Language (DEMOSL) states the rules, legends, and metamodel of DEMO. Therefore, any DEMO model must comply with this specification. Moreover, to enable automation of the DEMO model validation, we need a metamodel that can accurately represent DEMO models. With DEMOSL as the appointed specification language for DEMO, with automation as target, we need to validate the fitness of DEMOSL for modelling DEMO. Doing validation by instantiation combined with logic reasoning, we use already existing and approved DEMO models to verify DEMOSL. Our findings provide insight into the amount of changes and the complexity and direction of change needed to complete the metamodel and make it usable for automation. We found that some incomplete, inconsistent or inadequate specifications in DEMOSL hinder its use as a prescriptive metamodel. Moreover, the semantics of its rules needs improvement. We describe these limitations in DEMOSL as a whole and in the separate Construction Model (CM), Process Model (PM), Action Model (AM), and Fact Model (FM). The result is a list of problems that need to be solved before DEMOSL can be adequately used as a metamodel for DEMO models. Hopefully, future research will address these omissions in order to improve the metamodel and make it suitable for model storage and exchange. Finally, we conclude that the metamodel needs improvement to be able to model all allowed DEMO models.
  Author: Mark Mulder

• Paper  12 – Modeling the system described by the EU General Data Protection Regulation with DEMO
  Abstract: In this paper we use Design and Engineering Methodology for Organizations (DEMO) to formally describe the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (2016/679) which entries into force and application on May 25, 2018. This law introduces a paradigm shift in information systems by requiring by design and by default much more control on personal data and its processing. The data subjects can give and remove consent for processing and establish restrictions on what the data is processed for. They can also ask for their information, object to automated decision making based on it, require changes to that information or ask that it be erased (‘right to be forgotten’). When they ask for their information, it must be provided in in a machine-readable format, which implies data portability and the ability to provide it to another party. This law creates a new role, the data protection officer, and assigns duties to data controllers, data processors, supervisory authorities, national authorities and EU authorities. This work shows how DEMO can present in a simple way the system described by this law, and analyses the challenges and insights provided by using this modeling method.
  Authors: Duarte Gouveia and David Aveiro

• Poster  1 – Case Study of Print Service Provider Activities: DEMO Methodology in Practice
  Abstract: The DEMO methodology was devised to facilitate organizational change, by providing means to model the essence of an organization. Coordination and production are present in any business, including Print Service Providers (PSPs), although the general impression is that printing is a production only domain. The intention of this paper is to extend the reach of this methodol-ogy into the printing industry realm and confirm the modeling capabilities of DEMO. The assessment was performed by considering scenarios of PSP cus-tomers and employees interacting with each other by means of a print work-flow management software system (PRISMAdirect). The scenarios were modeled in terms of the complete transaction pattern, the Construction Model and Process Model, highlighting the expressiveness of DEMO in the context of PSPs as organizations. The conclusion is that DEMO offers the flexibility required to model human interactions in the printing domain. Moreover, the concept of trigger when representing the Process Model covers an important case of workflow automation for PSPs. A few ideas leading to an even better fit are discussed in the context of handling revocation scenar-ios and delegation of responsibilities. Complex exception handling scenarios are described and shall be further investigated.
  Authors: Cosmina Chise and Jennek Geels

• Poster 2 – Cognitive Information Systems and Enterprise Engineering
  Abstract: The aim of the publication is the clarification of the meaning of the cognitive information systems that helps to conceptualize the primary areas of operation, in the world of enterprises with examples. It helps to understand the future, points to the potential benefits and highlights the importance of the development a methodology that efficiently helps and guide the EE society to implement CIS into EE and Enterprise Environment. The rapid change of world causes new challenges in the enterprise environment. Those challenges increase the chance for client or customer satisfaction meanwhile improve companies’ efficiency, optimize processes, operation etc. Due to the complexity and speed, enterprises are not able to answer these challenges easily in time. Skills to manage the actual situation are rarely available in one single person or in one team, therefore one of the possible solution is to leverage the capability of a cognitive information system.
  Authors: Dóra Philipp and Bálint Molnár